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Poland mourns
波兰举国哀悼
Tragedy in Smolensk
斯摩棱斯克惨案
Poland’s President Lech Kaczynski dies in a plane crash
波兰总统莱赫 • 卡钦斯基坠机身亡
Apr 10th 2010 | From The Economist online
POLAND’S awful history makes it no stranger to tragedy, grief and shock. But not for decades has it suffered a trauma such as the death of President Lech Kaczynski, along with dozens of other senior Polish politicians and officials, in an air crash on April 10th.
翻开波兰黑暗的历史，悲剧、悲伤与震惊并不鲜见。尽管波兰人已习以为常，但数十年来，也未曾遭受过这样一场重创：总统莱赫 • 卡钦斯基，与其他数十位波兰政界高层官员一起，在 4 月 10 日发生的一起空难中遇难。
The presidential plane was carrying a delegation to Katyn, to commemorate the mass murder of a previous Polish elite: the 20,000 reservist officers murdered by Stalin’s NKVD in 1940.
这架总统专机正运送一个代表团前往卡廷，以纪念一场针对前波兰精英的大屠杀：1940 年，苏联秘密警察机构内务人民委员会（NKVD）屠杀了 2 万名波兰预备役军官。
The symbolism of the tragedy to many Poles is almost unbearable. In 1943 General Wladyslaw Sikorski, the leader of the Polish wartime government, died in a plane crash in Gibraltar. No foul play was proved there, but many Poles believe that he was murdered because of his resolute determination to expose the Katyn massacre—which the Soviet Union blamed on the Germans. Now another Polish president, closely involved in the same issue, has died in an all too similar manner.
这起惨剧的象征意义对众多波兰人而言，难以忍受。1943 年，波兰战时政府领导人弗拉斯迪劳 • 西科尔斯基将军，在直布罗陀坠机身亡。虽然并无证据表明那儿发生了一场谋杀，但许多波兰人认为他是因为要坚决揭开卡廷惨案的真相而遇害的，苏联将这一惨案归咎于德国人。现在，另一位对同一问题紧追不舍的波兰总统，以一种极为相似的方式遇难。
Polish historical sensitivies about Russia mean that many see the coincidence as sinister rather than tragic. But the plane tried to land four times, in bad weather. Accident is the overwhelmingly likely cause.
波兰与俄罗斯历史上的种种敏感问题，使得许多人将这一巧合视为恶意，而非悲剧。不过这架飞机试图在恶劣天气中，四次降落。意外酿成惨祸的说法似乎占据了压倒之势。
Yet like Katyn, which eliminated the flower of the pre-war Polish elite, the plane crash also seems like a decapitation of Polish society. Among the 96 people who died were the chief of the Polish general staff, the head of the central bank, the director of the Institute of National Remembrance (which investigates and documents crimes such as Katyn) and many other of the country’s top public figures. Many politicians from the opposition Law and Justice Party, which is led by Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the late president’s twin brother, were among the delegation.
然而就像卡廷惨案，毁灭了战前波兰中坚分子的精华，这起空难，也仿佛砍掉了波兰社会肌体的头颅。遇难的 96 人中，有波兰军队总参谋长，中央银行行长，民族记忆研究所所长（该所调查与记录卡廷惨案之类的罪行）及其他多名该国顶尖公众人物。代表团中，有许多政治家来自已故总统的孪生哥哥——雅罗斯瓦夫 • 卡钦斯基领导的反对党法律与公正党。
A growing pile of flowers outside the presidential palace in Warsaw attested to the public’s stunning sense of loss. Radek Sikorski, the foreign minister, who broke the news to the prime minister, Donald Tusk, this morning said that the head of government wept on hearing it. Both men had been at Katyn earlier in the week, at a ceremony attended by the Russian prime minister, Vladimir Putin. The hawkish Mr Kaczynski did not attend that ceremony, instead insisting on his own visit three days later.
华沙总统府外的鲜花越堆越多，表明民众对空难损失深感震惊。外交部长拉迪克 • 西科尔斯基向总理唐纳德 • 图斯克报告了这一消息，他今晨说，总理听到消息时失声痛哭。两人本周早些时候先行到达卡廷，参加了一场有俄罗斯总理弗拉基米尔 • 普京出席的纪念仪式。鹰派的卡钦斯基先生并未参加这场仪式，而是坚持三天后自行到访。
The tragedy brings big upsets in Polish political life and in other institutions. The presidential elections, due to be held in October, will be brought forward. Mr Kaczynski had been facing a tough challenge from Bronislaw Komorowski, a close ally of Mr Tusk. Mr Komorowski is also speaker of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament. In that capacity, he now becomes acting president.
这起惨剧给波兰的政治生活与其他体系带来巨大变数。原应在今年十月进行的总统大选，将提前举行。卡钦斯基先生一直面临着布罗尼斯瓦 • 科莫洛夫斯基的强硬挑战，此人是图斯克先生的亲密盟友，也是波兰议会下层议院——众议院的议长，凭借这一身份，他现在成了代总统。
Mr Kaczynski, like his brother, was known for personal integrity and his deep roots in Poland’s anti-communist opposition movement. He was a vehement critic of both German and Soviet historical crimes against Poland, and a strong supporter of countries such as Georgia. He was modest and charming in private, although visibly ill-at-ease on big public occasions and prone to gaffes and unnecessary controversies.
卡钦斯基先生与他的孪生哥哥一样，以个人操守、及与波兰反共抵抗运动的深厚渊源而著称。他强烈抨击德国与苏联对波兰犯下的历史罪行，坚定支持格鲁吉亚之类的国家。他私下里平易近人，充满魅力，尽管在公共场合明显局促不安，容易失态并引发不必要的争论。
Mr Kaczynski’s wife, Maria, died in the crash. The couple had one daughter.
卡钦斯基先生的妻子玛丽亚，也坠机身亡。夫妇俩育有一女。
《经济学人》（The Economist (http://www.economist.com)) 仅同意 ECO（www.ecocn.org）翻译其杂志内容，并未对上述翻译内容进行任何审阅查对。
译者：zhanyisky
http://www.ecocn.org/bbs/